Survival Patterns of Urban Trees in Kabul: One Year of Field Observations

“Based on one year of tree planting experience in Kabul and the survival of 2,500+ trees, we observed that trees planted in areas with partial shade or reduced direct sunlight tend to have higher survival rates, especially in water-scarce conditions. In harsh heat, direct sunlight combined with limited watering significantly increases stress and mortality in young trees. Shade appears to reduce water loss and help seedlings establish more successfully during the early stages.”